在工業(yè)涂裝流水線的高效運轉背后，設備能否穩(wěn)固安裝是關鍵所在。若設備固定不當，不僅會影響涂裝質量，還可能引發(fā)設備故障甚至安全隱患。要讓流水線設備 “站穩(wěn)腳跟”，需綜合運用多種固定方法，從基礎處理到部件連接，每個環(huán)節(jié)都暗藏學問。

　　Behind the efficient operation of industrial painting assembly lines, the stability of equipment installation is crucial. If the equipment is not properly fixed, it will not only affect the painting quality, but may also cause equipment failure and even safety hazards. To make the assembly line equipment stand firm, it is necessary to comprehensively use various fixing methods, from basic processing to component connection, with hidden knowledge in each link.

　　首先，地面基礎是設備固定的根基。在安裝前，需對地面進行處理，確保其平整度和承載能力達標。對于普通混凝土地面，若平整度不足，需使用水泥砂漿等材料進行找平，避免設備安裝后出現傾斜。若承載要求較高，如大型噴涂機器人、重型烘干設備，還需對地面進行加固。常見做法是澆筑鋼筋混凝土基礎，通過植入鋼筋增強地面的強度和韌性，使其能夠承受設備運行時產生的振動和壓力。在澆筑基礎時，要根據設備的安裝尺寸預留螺栓孔，為后續(xù)設備固定做準備。

　　Firstly, the ground foundation is the foundation for fixing equipment. Before installation, the ground needs to be treated to ensure its flatness and load-bearing capacity meet the standards. For ordinary concrete floors, if the flatness is insufficient, materials such as cement mortar should be used for leveling to avoid tilting after equipment installation. If the load-bearing requirements are high, such as large spraying robots and heavy-duty drying equipment, the ground also needs to be reinforced. The common practice is to pour reinforced concrete foundation and enhance the strength and toughness of the ground by implanting steel bars, so that it can withstand the vibration and pressure generated during equipment operation. When pouring the foundation, bolt holes should be reserved according to the installation size of the equipment to prepare for subsequent equipment fixation.

　　對于中小型設備，地腳螺栓固定是常用的方式。先將設備吊運至安裝位置，使其初步就位。然后將地腳螺栓穿過設備底座的螺栓孔，放入預先預留的螺栓孔中。使用螺母將地腳螺栓與設備底座初步固定，但不要擰緊。此時，借助水平儀對設備進行水平度調整，通過在設備底座下加減墊片的方式，使設備達到水平狀態(tài)。待水平度調整完畢后，向螺栓孔內灌注高強度無收縮灌漿料，這種材料能夠緊密填充螺栓孔與螺栓、設備底座之間的空隙，增強固定效果。待灌漿料凝固達到一定強度后，再按規(guī)定的扭矩擰緊螺母，將設備牢固地固定在地面上。

　　For small and medium-sized equipment, anchor bolt fixation is a commonly used method. First, lift the equipment to the installation position to preliminarily position it. Then thread the anchor bolts through the bolt holes on the equipment base and place them into the pre reserved bolt holes. Use nuts to preliminarily fix the anchor bolts to the equipment base, but do not tighten them. At this point, use a spirit level to adjust the levelness of the equipment by adding or removing shims under the equipment base to achieve a horizontal state. After the leveling adjustment is completed, pour high-strength non shrink grout into the bolt holes. This material can tightly fill the gaps between the bolt holes, bolts, and equipment bases, enhancing the fixing effect. After the grouting material solidifies to a certain strength, tighten the nut according to the specified torque and firmly fix the equipment on the ground.

　　大型設備由于重量大、運行時振動強，往往需要采用預埋鋼板固定。在澆筑地面基礎時，將預先加工好的鋼板按照設備安裝要求埋入混凝土中，鋼板上焊接錨固鋼筋，以增強與混凝土的結合力。設備安裝時，將設備底座與預埋鋼板通過焊接或高強度螺栓連接。焊接時，要保證焊縫的質量，采用合適的焊接工藝和參數，確保焊縫均勻、牢固，無氣孔、夾渣等缺陷。使用高強度螺栓連接時，需嚴格按照設計要求控制螺栓的預緊力，通過扭矩扳手等工具確保每個螺栓的擰緊程度一致，使設備底座與預埋鋼板緊密貼合，共同抵御設備運行時的各種作用力。

　　Due to their heavy weight and strong vibration during operation, large equipment often requires the use of pre embedded steel plates for fixation. When pouring the ground foundation, pre processed steel plates are embedded in the concrete according to the equipment installation requirements, and anchor steel bars are welded on the steel plates to enhance the bonding force with the concrete. When installing the equipment, connect the equipment base to the embedded steel plate through welding or high-strength bolts. When welding, it is necessary to ensure the quality of the weld seam, adopt appropriate welding processes and parameters, ensure that the weld seam is uniform, firm, and free of defects such as porosity and slag inclusion. When using high-strength bolts for connection, it is necessary to strictly control the pre tightening force of the bolts according to the design requirements. Tools such as torque wrenches should be used to ensure that the tightening degree of each bolt is consistent, so that the equipment base is tightly attached to the embedded steel plate to jointly resist various forces during equipment operation.

　　流水線中的輸送設備，如鏈條輸送機、皮帶輸送機，其固定方式需結合設備特點。對于鏈條輸送機，除了通過地腳螺栓將機架固定在地面外，還需對鏈條張緊裝置進行固定。張緊裝置通常安裝在輸送機的末端，通過調整螺栓來調節(jié)鏈條的松緊度。固定時，要確保張緊裝置的安裝位置準確，調節(jié)螺栓能夠靈活轉動，且在設備運行過程中不會因振動而松動。皮帶輸送機則要重點固定好驅動滾筒、張緊滾筒和托輥支架。驅動滾筒和張緊滾筒通過螺栓與機架牢固連接，托輥支架需與地面或機架可靠固定，保證皮帶在運行過程中不會跑偏，且能承受物料的重量和輸送過程中的拉力。

　　The fixing method of conveying equipment in assembly lines, such as chain conveyors and belt conveyors, should be combined with the characteristics of the equipment. For chain conveyors, in addition to fixing the frame to the ground with anchor bolts, it is also necessary to secure the chain tensioning device. The tensioning device is usually installed at the end of the conveyor and adjusts the tightness of the chain by adjusting the bolts. When fixing, it is necessary to ensure that the installation position of the tensioning device is accurate, the adjusting bolt can rotate flexibly, and it will not loosen due to vibration during equipment operation. The belt conveyor should focus on fixing the drive drum, tension drum, and idler bracket. The driving drum and tensioning drum are firmly connected to the frame through bolts, and the roller bracket needs to be reliably fixed to the ground or frame to ensure that the belt will not deviate during operation and can withstand the weight of the material and the tension during transportation.

　　一些對安裝精度要求極高的設備，如自動噴涂設備，在固定時還需考慮減震措施。可在設備底座與基礎之間安裝減震墊或減震器。減震墊一般由橡膠、聚氨酯等彈性材料制成，能夠有效吸收設備運行時產生的振動，減少振動對設備精度和周邊環(huán)境的影響。減震器則具有更好的減震效果和調節(jié)功能，可根據設備的重量和振動頻率進行選擇和調整。安裝時，要確保減震墊或減震器均勻分布在設備底座下方，且與設備和基礎緊密接觸，保證減震效果的發(fā)揮。

　　Some equipment that requires extremely high installation accuracy, such as automatic spraying equipment, also need to consider shock absorption measures when fixing. Shock pads or shock absorbers can be installed between the device base and foundation. Shock absorbers are generally made of elastic materials such as rubber and polyurethane, which can effectively absorb the vibration generated during equipment operation, reduce the impact of vibration on equipment accuracy and surrounding environment. Shock absorbers have better shock absorption effects and adjustment functions, which can be selected and adjusted according to the weight and vibration frequency of the equipment. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the shock pads or shock absorbers are evenly distributed under the equipment base and in close contact with the equipment and foundation to ensure the effectiveness of shock absorption.

　　工業(yè)涂裝流水線設備的固定是一項系統(tǒng)工程，從地面基礎處理到各類設備的針對性固定，再到減震等細節(jié)處理，每個步驟都環(huán)環(huán)相扣。只有采用合適的固定方法，嚴格把控安裝質量，才能讓流水線設備穩(wěn)如泰山，為高質量的涂裝生產保駕護航。

　　The fixation of industrial painting assembly line equipment is a systematic project, from ground foundation treatment to targeted fixation of various equipment, to detailed treatment such as shock absorption, each step is interrelated. Only by adopting proper fixing methods and strictly controlling the installation quality, can the assembly line equipment be as stable as Mount Tai and guarantee the high-quality coating production.

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