VOCs活性炭吸附箱的燃爆原因
一、活性炭吸附箱燃爆的原因
1、 Reasons for Explosion of Activated Carbon Adsorption Box
氣溫較高的情況下，工況復雜的廢氣經過活性炭處理（吸附）過程中發熱（物理和化學）。由于活性炭長時間未更換，灰分較高，床層散熱較差，不利于對流散熱。致使熱量在床層中積聚，在其中形成局部熱點。導致其溫度達到活性炭的自燃點或溫度達到了混合有機物氣體的閃點。同時部分空氣進入廢氣中與可燃物形成爆炸性混合氣體，最終導致了事故的發生。當然靜電也是一個可能的點燃源（廢氣流動過程中可能產生靜電積聚，而活性炭顆粒之間的摩擦或與設備金屬部件的接觸可能產生火花）。
Under high temperature conditions, exhaust gases with complex working conditions generate heat (physically and chemically) during the process of activated carbon treatment (adsorption). Due to the long-term non replacement of activated carbon, the ash content is high and the heat dissipation in the bed is poor, which is not conducive to convective heat dissipation. Causing heat to accumulate in the bed, forming local hotspots within it. Causing its temperature to reach the self ignition point of activated carbon or the flash point of mixed organic gases. At the same time, some air entered the exhaust gas and formed an explosive mixture with combustible materials, ultimately leading to the occurrence of the accident. Of course, static electricity is also a possible ignition source (static electricity accumulation may occur during the flow of exhaust gas, while friction between activated carbon particles or contact with metal parts of equipment may generate sparks).
由于活性炭吸附是放熱過程，有機（專業各類VOCs治理RTO、RCO、CO、冷凝器、噴淋塔、活性炭/樹脂/沸石吸脫附等設備廠家：物的吸附和氧化會釋放出大量的熱量。對于某些種類成分復雜的化合物（可能會發生不相容的反應而放熱），在活性炭表面上的吸附和反應會釋放出大量的熱量，尤其是如果廢氣中的化學品濃度很高時。其放熱過程能否達到著火點取決于最終的熱量平衡，即能否及時的將熱量移走。
Due to the exothermic process of activated carbon adsorption, the adsorption and oxidation of organic compounds (such as RTO, RCO, CO, condensers, spray towers, activated carbon/resin/zeolite adsorption and desorption equipment manufacturers: will release a large amount of heat. For certain types of complex compounds (which may undergo incompatible reactions and release heat), adsorption and reaction on the surface of activated carbon will release a large amount of heat, especially if the concentration of chemicals in the exhaust gas is high. Whether the exothermic process can reach the ignition point depends on the final heat balance, that is, whether the heat can be removed in a timely manner.
而在吸附過程中，熱移出的方式主要靠對流。對流不利（風量較小）的時候，熱量累計，碳床中的溫度將升高到其著火溫度，從而導致活性炭自燃或點燃可燃廢氣混合物。
During the adsorption process, the main way of heat removal is through convection. When convection is unfavorable (with low air volume), heat accumulates and the temperature in the carbon bed will rise to its ignition temperature, leading to spontaneous combustion of activated carbon or ignition of combustible waste gas mixtures. picture
通過對多起活性炭吸附裝置燃爆事故的分析，可以總結出以下幾個共同特點：
Through the analysis of multiple incidents of combustion and explosion of activated carbon adsorption devices, the following common characteristics can be summarized:
事故容易發生在夏季高溫天氣：高溫環境下，活性炭床層散熱性能下降，熱量更容易積聚，增加了燃爆風險。
Accidents are prone to occur during high temperature weather in summer: in high temperature environments, the heat dissipation performance of the activated carbon bed layer decreases, and heat is more likely to accumulate, increasing the risk of combustion and explosion.
活性炭長期未更換：長時間未更換的活性炭吸附罐中積累了大量灰分和雜質，床層散熱性能進一步下降。
Long term non replacement of activated carbon: The adsorption tank of activated carbon that has not been replaced for a long time has accumulated a large amount of ash and impurities, further reducing the heat dissipation performance of the bed layer.
廢氣成分復雜且濃度波動大：廢氣成分復雜，含有多種化學物質，且濃度波動較大，增加了不相容反應和熱積聚的風險。
The composition of exhaust gas is complex and the concentration fluctuates greatly: the composition of exhaust gas is complex, containing multiple chemical substances, and the concentration fluctuates greatly, increasing the risk of incompatible reactions and thermal accumulation.
低工況下廢氣量減少：在低工況時，廢氣量減少，部分空氣直接進入廢氣中，形成爆炸性混合氣體。
Reduced exhaust gas volume under low operating conditions: At low operating conditions, the exhaust gas volume decreases, and some air directly enters the exhaust gas, forming explosive mixtures.
二、預防建議
2、 Preventive advice
當我們了解了活性炭吸附裝置的風險以后，可以根據實際情況，有的放矢，采取一些針對性的措施。
After understanding the risks of activated carbon adsorption devices, we can take targeted measures based on the actual situation.
總的來說還是從阻止形成燃燒三要素的角度出發，從源頭設計，工程和管理措施上去發力，最終還是可以將吸附裝置的風險降到可接受范圍內的。
Overall, from the perspective of preventing the formation of the three elements of combustion, by focusing on source design, engineering, and management measures, the risk of adsorption devices can ultimately be reduced to an acceptable range.
以下是一些建議措施：
Here are some suggested measures:
① 對于會產生高濃度有機廢氣的反應罐、貯罐、過濾器等設備，為避免與氧氣形成爆炸性混合物，最好采用氮封系統保護，并以正壓輸送方式輸送到廢氣總管。
① For equipment such as reaction tanks, storage tanks, filters, etc. that generate high concentrations of organic waste gas, it is best to use a nitrogen sealing system for protection and transport it to the waste gas manifold under positive pressure to avoid explosive mixtures with oxygen.
② 確保有機廢氣的冷凝裝置滿足生產負荷，所有（專業各類VOCs治理RTO、RCO、CO、冷凝器、噴淋塔、活性炭/樹脂/沸石吸脫附等設備廠家：樊13141458653微信同）的廢氣組分必須經過有效的冷凝處理，降低有機氣體濃度。不相容的廢氣應單獨預處理后再排入吸附罐中吸附處理。
② To ensure that the condensation device for organic waste gas meets the production load, all waste gas components (professional VOCs treatment RTO, RCO, CO, condenser, spray tower, activated carbon/resin/zeolite adsorption and desorption equipment manufacturer: Fan 13141458653 WeChat Tong) must undergo effective condensation treatment to reduce the concentration of organic gases. Incompatible exhaust gases should be separately pretreated before being discharged into adsorption tanks for adsorption treatment.
③ 活性炭選材：使用點火溫度高，灰分低的活性炭作為吸附材料。
③ Activated carbon material selection: Use activated carbon with high ignition temperature and low ash content as the adsorbent material.
④ 條件允許的話對吸附裝置進行降溫。
④ If conditions permit, cool down the adsorption device.
⑤ 定期檢查處理裝置、廢氣管路是否有不完整漏風的情況，要保證管路不漏氣。
⑤ Regularly inspect the treatment device and exhaust gas pipeline for incomplete air leakage, ensuring that the pipeline does not leak air.
⑥ 吸附處理裝置前的廢氣管路安裝管路阻火器（阻爆轟型）；管路上(分段)安裝泄爆片，廢氣緩沖罐上安裝泄爆板，泄爆板要有固定裝置。
⑥ Install a flame arrester (explosion resistant type) in the exhaust gas pipeline before the adsorption treatment device; Install explosion-proof plates on the pipeline (in sections), and install explosion-proof plates on the waste gas buffer tank. The explosion-proof plates should have fixed devices.
⑦ 吸附裝置內安裝噴淋滅火裝置，用來撲滅初期火災（或者直接加裝自來水管路）手動或自動開啟。
⑦ Install a sprinkler fire extinguishing device inside the adsorption device to extinguish initial fires (or directly install a water pipeline) manually or automatically.
⑧ 在吸附床層安裝溫度探頭，監測活性炭層的溫度發現異常時及時處置。
⑧ Install temperature probes in the adsorption bed layer to monitor the temperature of the activated carbon layer and promptly handle any abnormalities found.
⑨ 應急反應與人員培訓。培訓人員發生火災時的應急處置能力，要能及時撲滅吸附處理裝置的火災，防止火災蔓延。
⑨ Emergency response and personnel training. The emergency response capability of training personnel in the event of a fire should be able to promptly extinguish the fire of the adsorption treatment device and prevent the spread of the fire.
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